High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy – Causes, Risks and How to Prevent It

What Is High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy?

High blood pressure means that the pressure in your blood vessels is higher than normal. During pregnancy, this can become more serious as it affects the blood flow to the placenta and therefore your baby’s supply of oxygen and nutrients.

A common type of pregnancy-related hypertension is preeclampsia, which is characterised by high blood pressure and protein in the urine. The exact cause isn’t fully known, but it’s believed to be related to changes in the blood vessels of the placenta.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing high blood pressure during pregnancy:

• Pre-existing high blood pressure
• First pregnancy or twin pregnancy
• Overweight or obesity
• Kidney disease or diabetes
• Previous preeclampsia

Risks for Mother and Baby

If blood pressure is not properly managed, it can lead to complications. For the mother, it may cause kidney or liver problems and increase the risk of preterm labour.
For the baby, it can affect growth and raise the risk of low birth weight or premature delivery.

That’s why it’s essential to have your blood pressure checked regularly throughout your pregnancy – even if you feel well.

How to Prevent and Manage High Blood Pressure

Here are some simple steps to reduce your risk and support your body during pregnancy:

• Regular check-ups:
  Attend all antenatal appointments so your midwife or doctor can monitor your blood pressure and urine.
• Eat a balanced diet:
  Include plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Reduce salt intake and avoid processed foods.
• Stay physically active:
  Light exercise such as walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga can help lower blood pressure and support overall health.
• Manage stress:
  Try relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or gentle stretching.
• Follow medical advice:
  Some women may need medication to keep blood pressure under control – always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
• Get enough rest:
  Good sleep and relaxation help your body stay balanced and reduce stress levels.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Sudden swelling in your hands, feet, or face
• Persistent headaches
• Blurred vision or seeing spots
• Pain high up in your abdomen